ABSTRACT
The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016). In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD), and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei (YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000), lowest in Macao (9.1 per 100,000), while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Aging , China , Epidemiology , Dental Caries , Epidemiology , Disabled Persons , Prevalence , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Our previous salivary study had demonstrated an apparent T helper 2 (Th2)-predominance in saliva of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and suggested a potential of salivary interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity. To further determine the consistency of Th1/Th2 bias of OLP, this study investigated the expression profile of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-4 in serum and the relationship of the serum levels of these cytokines with their saliva partners. Sixty ethnic Chinese patients with OLP (40 of the erythematous/ulcerative form and 20 of the reticular form) were recruited for this study, with 40 age-sex-matched healthy volunteers as control group. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in serum and paired saliva samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OLP patient showed a low-level IFN-γ but high-level IL-4 expression profile in both serum and saliva, with a lower IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. Serum IL-4 level in the erythematous/ulcerative group was significantly higher than that in the reticular group. Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly and positively correlated with their saliva partners. These results provided more evidence for Th2 cytokine-predominant immune imbalance in OLP, as well as the potential of IL-4 as the biomarker for monitoring severity of OLP.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biomarkers , Blood , Case-Control Studies , Interferon-gamma , Blood , Interleukin-4 , Blood , Lichen Planus, Oral , Blood , Classification , Allergy and Immunology , Saliva , Chemistry , Allergy and Immunology , Th1 Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Th2 Cells , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Morsicatio buccarum et labiorum is a form of chronic oral mucosa disease caused by habitual cheek or lip biting. The affected mucosa shows a shredded appearance. The patients may feel their oral mucosa rough. In present, there have not been unified denomination and systematic introduction about this disease in our country. Two cases were reported here. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, pathology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis about this disease were also discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cheek , Mouth Diseases , Mouth MucosaABSTRACT
The aim of the report is to increase the dentists', vigilance to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) by means of analyzing the oral exosyndrome and discussing the experience of diagnosis to 3 patients with AIDS. Vigilance to AIDS can make us to discover, diagnose and treat it in the early stage, and prevent us from transmission of the disease.